8.21 · Griffith UniversityAbstractPurpose: This paper identifies the sustainability performance management goals that Australian Companies use and their association with organisational performance.
Design/methodology/approach: This study involved a questionnaire survey administered to Senior Level Managers of medium to large Australian companies. To identify their main sustainability performance management goals, a principal component factor analysis was conducted to reduce a total of 35 items related to sustainability performance management goals to 7 key sustainability performance management goal factors - environmental, new product innovation, customer acquisition and retention, information systems capability, employee welfare and community engagement, operational profitability, and organisational profitability. To determine which of these sustainability performance management goal factors were significantly associated with organisational performance, each of these factors was regressed against five single-item dependent variables of Customer Satisfaction Performance, Employee Satisfaction Performance, Sales from New Products Performance, Profit from Operations Performance and Environmental Budget Allocation Performance.
Findings/Results: Results reveal that environmental, new product innovation, customer acquisition and retention, and information systems capability goals were positively associated with new product sales. Environmental, information systems capability, and employee welfare and community engagement goals were found to be positively associated with environmental budget allocations. Also, customer acquisition and retention, employee welfare and community engagement, and organisational profitability goals were found to positively influence customer satisfaction. Finally, information systems capability and employee welfare and community engagement goals were found to be positively associated with employee satisfaction.Do you want to read the rest of this article?
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AbstractExcretion of nitrogen and phosphorus in animal manure has been implicated as potential environmental pollutants. In the first study, the relative bioavailability (RBV) of P from a genetic mutant, low-phytate (LP) soybean meal for broiler chicks was estimated. The RBV of P from LP soybean meal was 15 to 25 percentage points higher than normal soybean meal. In the second study, RBV of P, growth performance and nutrient balance was evaluated in pigs fed a LP corn-based diet with or without phytase (PT). Estimates of P RBV from LP and normal corns when plasma P was regressed on supplemental P intake were 46 and 33%, respectively. The percentage of P digested and retained was improved and fecal P excretion lowered by feeding LP corn. The addition of PT to a LP corn-based diet improved P digestibility and reduced P excretion by pigs. In the third study the effects of graded levels of PT in low-crude protein (CP), low-P diets on N and P balance and growth performance of growing pigs was examined. Phytase improved retention of N in low-CP diets, and absorption and retention of P regardless of the CP level. In the fourth study the response to supplemental microbial PT in pigs fed diets containing different levels of intrinsic phytate was evaluated. Intrinsic phytate concentration did not influence growth performance or nutrient digestibility. Phytase supplementation improved weight gain and P digestibility, but had no effect on amino acid or N digestibility. In the fifth study, possible interactions between dietary N and P in broiler chicks were investigated. A high level of P reduced feed intake in chicks fed low or normal CP levels, but weight gain and feed efficiency were only reduced at the low CP level. Feeding low-CP, high-P diets, reduced intake and increased nutrient outputs. Retention of dry matter, energy and N was higher at the low CP level, but P retention was higher at the normal CP level. These results provide evidence of interactions between dietary N and P and support for an integrated strategy for reducing manure N and P excretion by pigs and poultry.Do you want to read the rest of this article?
CitationsCitations5ReferencesReferences0Also the feed ingredients that make up the diet have an influence on the effect of phytase on AA digestibility. The response to phytase supplementation is not primarily dependent on the phytate-P content in the diet (Sands, 2002), but rather on the amount of AA that is bound with the phytate-P (Liao et al., 2005b), and this amount of AA that remain bound to phytate-P may vary among different ingredients. Supplemental phytase has shown to hydrolyze the phytate protein bonds and thereby enhancing their availability. ABSTRACT: Abstract Text: The current study evaluated the effect of different levels of a 6-phytase derived from Buttiauxella spp. expressed in Trichoderma reesei on ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. Twelve ileal cannulated pigs (initial BW = 25 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 treatments in a 6 x 6 Latin square design to give 12 observations per treatment. The experimental diets consisted of corn soybean meal based control diet (NC), NC supplemented with 4 levels of phytase (i.e. 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 FTU/kg) and a low-protein diet (5% casein) used to quantify endogenous amino acid (AA) losses. All diets contained titanium dioxide as indigestible marker. Pigs were given their daily feed allowance at a rate of 4.5% of BW determined at the beginning of each experimental period. Each period lasted for 9 d with 5 d of adaptation to the assigned experimental diet followed by 2 d fecal and 2 d ileal digesta collections. Data were analyzed using the mixed model procedures of SAS. The final model had treatment as the main effect since pen and period effects were non-significant. Increasing levels of 6-phytase supplementation linearly increased apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of DM, CP and GE (P & 0.01). Compared with NC, AID of Ca and P respectively increased (P & 0.05) by 5.9, 11.7, 9.0 and 12.3% and 12.7, 46.6, 49.1 and 77.4% with 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 FTU/kg of phytase. Mean AID of dispensable and indispensable AA improved (P&0.05) by 2.5, 2.0 and 1.0% and 2.0, 1.3 and 1.2%, respectively, for diets containing 500, 1000 and 2000 FTU/kg of phytase. Mean standard ileal digestibility (SID) of dispensable and non dispensable AA improved (P & 0.05) by 1.7, 1.2 and 2.8% and 1.0, 0.2, and 3.4% respectively, for diets with 500, 1000 and 2000 FTU/kg of phytase. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, CP, and GE responded linearly (P & 0.01) to increasing levels of phytase. The ATTD of Ca and P respectively increased (P & 0.05) by 18.2, 30.4, 24.5 and 33.8% and 46.8, 98.4, 99.7 and 124.3% for diets supplemented with 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 FTU/kg of the 6-phytase. In conclusion, supplementation with a 6-phytase from Buttiauxella spp. expressed in Trichoderma reesei significantly enhanced the AID and ATTP of Ca, P and other nutrients in pigs, in dose dependent manner.
Keywords: Amino acid, calcium, phosphorus, phytase, ileal digestibility, pig Full-text · Article · Jul 2014 +1 more author...The lowest SID values of the indispensable AA were observed for Lys and Thr, which were consistent with the previous reports for these 2 AA in corn (Green et al., 1987; Stein et al., 2001;,Table 8. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) values of P in phytase transgenic corn (PTC) and nontransgenic near-isoline conventional corn (CC), Exp.3 2007b). Although there were confl icting and inconsistent reports with regard to the effi cacy of phytase in improving N or AA digestibility and retention in pigs (Mroz et al., 1994; Biehl and Baker, 1996; Traylor et al., 2001 ; Adeola and Sands, 2003; Woyengo et al., 2008), the microbial phytase supplementation had no effect on N digestibility or retention when diets were formulated with adequate or defi cient protein (Sands, 2002; Sands et al., 2009) or with low or high levels of phytate (Sands, 2002; Liao et al., 2005; Sands et al., 2009 ). In the present study, no differences were found in the values of AID and SID of CP and AA between PTC and CC, which confi rmed that transgenic phytase expressed in PTC did not result in an increase in the digestibility of CP or AA in PTC for growing pigs. ABSTRACT: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate energy, AA, and P digestibility in a phytase transgenic corn (PTC) containing a phytase gene (phyA2) isolated from Aspergillus niger compared with a nontransgenic near-isoline conventional corn (CC) grown in the same environmental conditions for growing pigs. Experiment 1 was an energy balance experiment conducted to measure DE and ME in PTC and CC. Eighteen growing barrows (initial BW, 25.8 ± 0.3 kg) from 9 litters were allotted by BW and litter to 1 of 2 dietary treatments with 9 pigs per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were individually placed in metabolism cages and fed diets based on the 2 corns. The DE and ME in PTC (3,967 and 3,941 kcal/kg of DM, respectively) were greater (P & 0.05) than those in CC (3,917 and 3,848 kcal/kg of DM, respectively). Experiment 2 was conducted to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) values of CP and AA in the 2 corns. Eighteen growing barrows (initial BW, 41.8 ± 0.7 kg) were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum. Pigs were placed in metabolism cages in a completely randomized design with 3 dietary treatments of 6 pigs each. An N-free diet was used to estimate basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. The AID and SID values for CP and all AA did not differ between the 2 corns. Experiment 3 was conducted to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) values of P in the 2 corns. Eighteen growing pigs (initial BW, 30.5 ± 0.5 kg) from 6 litters were placed in metabolism cages in a randomized complete block design with 3 dietary treatments of 6 pigs each based on BW and litter. Two diets were based on the 2 corns, and a P-free diet was used to measure endogenous P losses. The ATTD and STTD values of P were greater (P & 0.05) in the PTC diet (71.4 and 76.9%, respectively) than those in the CC diet (27.6 and 33.4%, respectively). Pigs fed the PTC diet had a greater (P & 0.05) P retention (70.7%) than those fed the CC diet (27.1%). It was concluded that PTC had a greater digestibility of energy and P than CC for growing pigs. As a consequence, if PTC replaces CC in a pig diet, the DE and ME in the diet will increase, and less inorganic P will be needed to be supplemented to the diet, and thus P excretion in manure will be decreased.Article · Oct 2012 +1 more author...The apparent digestibility of N was not improved by phytase supplementation. This is in agreement with prior reports by Bruce and Sundstol (1995), O'Quinn et al. (1997), Sands (2002, Walz and Pallauf (2003) and Zoba? et al. (2004), who found that phytase had no effect on N digestibility. In the present experiment, phytase also failed to improve N retention, similarly like in experiments by Valaja et al. (1998), Walz and Pallauf (2003) and Johnston et al. (2004). ABSTRACT: Six female pigs of approximately 50 kg BW, fitted with simple T-cannula in the terminal ileum, were used to study the effect of microbial phytase on apparent total tract digestibility and retention of P and N. Three P-adequate diets (digestible P concentration 2.3 g/kg) containing barley (B), soybean meal (S) or their mixture (BS) with or without phytase supplement (1 000 FTU/kg) were fed to pigs using a 6 × 6 Latin square design. The addition of phytase increased ( P & 0.05) apparent total P digestibility of diets S and BS from 56.5 and 57.2% to 69.0 and 65.2%, respectively, and apparent plant P digestibility of the same diets from 41.3 and 50.0% to 60.5 and 60.0%, respectively. An insignificant improvement in total and plant P digestibilities was found in diet B. Phytase supplementation reduced ( P & 0.05) P excretion in pigs fed diets S and BS by 25 and 14%, respectively. As compared with diets S and BS, urinary P excretion in pigs fed diet B was much higher, which suggests a lower requirement for available P due to the lower protein deposition and growth rate. Phytase supplementation had no effect on digestibility or retention of N. In all three diets, total tract P digestibility was lower ( P & 0.05) than ileal digest - ibility thus indicating a net flux of P into the large intestine. Full-text · Article · Oct 2006 Effect of microbial phytase on apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids [%] in pigs fed barley-, soyabean meal-or barley ? soyabean meal-based diets. not seem to be related to dietary protein concentration since phytase supplementation had no effect on faecal N digestibility, both in low-protein and high-protein diets (Sands 2002). On the other hand, Mroz et al. (1994) found a significant positive effect of added phytase on faecal but not on ileal N digestibility. ABSTRACT: Six ileally cannulated pigs (mean initial body weight 34.8 kg) were used to study the effect of microbial phytase on apparent ileal digestibility of P, total N and amino acids. Three P-adequate diets (digestible P concentration 2.3 g kg(- )l) containing barley (B), soyabean meal (S) or a mixture of the two (BS) with or without phytase supplement (1000 FTU x kg(-1)) were fed to pigs using a 6 x 6 Latin square design. The addition of phytase increased (p & 0.05) apparent ileal P digestibility of diets B, S and BS by 16.5, 19.2 and 19.2%, respectively. There was no effect of phytase on the ileal digestibility of total N. Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids tended to increase in the BS diet supplemented with phytase (mean improvement of 2.2%); but no significant difference was found for any amino acid as compared with the unsupplemented diet. To asses the additivity of apparent amino acid digestibility, the determined values for the BS diet were compared to those calculated from digestibilities found in diets B and S. There were no significant differences between the determined and calculated values. It is concluded that the addition of microbial phytase to P-adequate diets does not affect ileal amino acid digestibility in growing pigs and that the apparent amino acid digestibility values determined in single ingredients may be additive when included into a complex diet. Full-text · Article · May 2006 The contents of phytate-P did not differ to a large extent among the diets. Taking into account the results by Sands (2002) and Liao et al. (2004), perhaps the content of phytate-P per se is not the primary determinant for a response to phytase. Rather, it may be the amount of protein (AA) that is complexed with phytate-P and which may differ among feed ingredients. ABSTRACT: Four experiments were conducted with weanling pigs fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, to determine the effect of phytase supplementation to four diets on the apparent ileal digestibilities (AID) of CP and AA, and the apparent total-tract digestibilities (ATTD) of CP and DE. Phytase (Natuphos, DSM Food Specialties, Delft, The Netherlands) was supplemented at rates of 0, 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg to the four diets. A 20% CP (as-fed basis) corn-soybean meal diet was used in Exp. 1; a 20% CP wheat-soybean meal diet in Exp. 2; a 20% CP wheat-soybean meal-canola meal diet in Exp. 3; and a 19% CP barley-peas-canola meal diet in Exp. 4. In each experiment, six barrows, fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, were fed the basal plus phytase-supplemented diets according to a repeated 3 x 3 Latin square design. Each experimental period comprised 14 d. The piglets were at fed 0800 and 2000 daily, equal amounts for each meal, at a daily rate of at least 2.4 times the maintenance requirement for ME. Feces were collected from 0800 on d 8 until 0800 on d 12 of each experimental period. Ileal digesta were collected from 0800 to 2000 on d 12, 13, and 14. Chromic oxide was used as the digestibility marker. The average initial and final BW (average of all experiments) were 7.9 and 16.5 kg, respectively. Phytase supplementation did not improve the AID of CP and AA in Exp. 1, 2, and 4; however, there were improvements (P & 0.05) or tendencies (P & 0.10) toward improvements in the AID of CP and AA or the ATTD of CP and the content of DE with phytase supplementation in Exp. 3. These results suggest that the AA response factor to microbial phytase supplementation depends on diet composition. Full-text · Article · Apr 2005 +1 more author...Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.This publication is from a journal that may support self archiving.16.7 · Bond University8.21 · Griffith UniversityAbstractYes YesDo you want to read the rest of this article?
CitationsCitations0ReferencesReferences0 Full-text · Article · Jun 2017 +1 more author... Full-text · Article · Jul 2017
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16.7 · Bond University8.21 · Griffith UniversityAbstractYes YesDo you want to read the rest of this article?
CitationsCitations2ReferencesReferences0Third, as the event is pervasively Muslim, comprising different age groups, gender and ethnicity, the occasion allows heterogeneous selection in terms of demographic profiles. Finally, we used partial face-to-face contact as a means of administering the survey instrument, reducing non-response errors as well as encouraging questionnaire completion (Iselin et al., 2004). The survey was administered at a centrally located tent at the festival. ABSTRACT: Over the past decade, issues concerning Islam and Muslims have featured prominently in public and media discourse. Much of this discourse is stereotypical, anecdotal and often unsubstantiated. Indeed, relative to the extent of comment on Islam and Muslims, few factual data exist on what Muslims really think. This article presents the views and opinions of the Queensland Muslim community based on the findings of a survey conducted at the 2009 Muslim Eid Festival in Brisbane. The findings of this research contradict many of the assumptions made about Australia’s Muslims concerning their views and opinions on a range of social and political issues. The research shows that Muslims highly value Australia’s key social and political institutions, including its democracy, judiciary, education and health-care systems. However, Muslims do express a lack of trust in certain institutions, namely the mass media. Also, consistent with the views of people globally, Muslims are deeply concerned about conflicts in the Middle East as well as the environmental crisis. This article suggests the need for a shift in public discourse to more accurately reflect the commonality, rather than incongruity, between Muslim views, opinions and concerns and those of the wider society. Full-text · Article · Jun 2011 ABSTRACT: Purpose – In the past decade, there has been strong growth in Islamic finance and banking across the globe, there is little empirical evidence on the impact of religiosity on financial decisions. This paper aims to address this issue. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses an experimental design to investigate the investment behaviours of a group of Muslims. Findings – The paper finds that Islam does influence investment behaviour, however, the degree to which it does this is influenced by the degree of religiosity of the individual. In addition, evidence is found of “Western style” wealth maximisation amongst Muslim investors as well as a desire to consider sustainable investment principles in asset allocations. Research limitations/implications – These findings have implications for investors, financial advisors, and policy makers. Originality/value – The paper is original its use of the experimental design to test the impact of religiosity in the context of investment decisions by Muslims. Full-text · Article · Jul 2011 ArticleYes Yes ArticleApril 2008 · Journal of General ManagementArticleJanuary 2004Yes Yes ArticleThe Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and related systems have become popular in recent times due to problems associated with traditional financial systems. The BSC incorporates a multi-perspective performance reporting system that reports information about four perspectives - learning and growth, internal business processes, customer, and financials. BSC theory argues that there is a cause and effect... Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.This publication is from a journal that may support self archiving.